Unix Sync Time - Unix

[Yuna]

sudo date -s "$(wget --method=HEAD -qSO- --max-redirect=0 google.com 2>&1 | sed -n 's/^ *Date: *//p')"

[IQ博士]

How to Copy Linux Folders to a Windows USB Drive

If you've ever tried copying files from a Linux server to an external drive (formatted as NTFS or exFAT) using rsync, you likely ran into a wall of "Operation not permitted" errors. This is because Windows filesystems don't support Linux file permissions or symbolic links.

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1. Mount Your Drive
First, create a mount point and connect your drive. (Note: Verify your device identifier with sudo fdisk -l, as it may change depending on your setup.)

Code:

sudo mkdir -p /media/usb
sudo mount /dev/sdc1 /media/usb

2. The "Safe Copy" Command
Use this command to bypass permission errors and convert shortcuts (symlinks) into real files:

Code:

sudo rsync -ahL --progress --no-owner --no-group --no-perms /home/me/nb/ra /media/usb/

Why these flags?

• -a (Archive): Preserves modification times.
  
• -h (Human-readable): Shows progress in KBs/MBs.
  
• -L (Follow Symlinks): Crucial for projects containing node_modules; it copies the actual file instead of the shortcut.
  
• --no-owner / --no-group / --no-perms: Prevents rsync from trying to set Linux permissions that a Windows drive will reject.
  

3. Safely Unmount
Always flush the data buffers and unmount before unplugging to prevent data corruption:

Code:

sync
sudo umount /media/usb

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