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貧血 anemia, anaemia. 遺傳疾病: 地中海貧血 Thalassemia
#1
貧血 anemia, anaemia. 遺傳疾病: 地中海貧血 Thalassemia

貧血 anemia, anaemia
https://zh.m.wikipedia.org/zh-hk/%E8%B4%AB%E8%A1%80
貧血(英語:anemia, anaemia,拉丁語:anæmia)通常定義為血液中紅血球或血紅素總數量下降的情形[3][4];也可以被定義為血液攜帶氧氣能力下降的情況[5]。當貧血慢性發作時,其症狀往往不明顯,可能包含疲倦、虛弱、呼吸困難或活動能力下降;有時急性發作,就會出現較為強烈的症狀,可能包含意識不清、感覺將要昏倒以及想喝更多水。在一個人面色蒼白(英語:Pallor)得很明顯之前,就已經有顯著的貧血狀況了。依據不同病因,可能會出現額外的症狀[1]。

貧血11種原因與症狀!貧血吃什麼?醫學博士點名2樣
https://www.edh.tw/article/19493
[Image: 29338899128_af67a5e33e_b.jpg]

貧血有6種類型,7個常見症狀與飲食注意事項
https://www.ihealth.com.tw/article/%E8%B2%A7%E8%A1%80/

遺傳疾病: 地中海貧血 Thalassemia
甚麼是地中海貧血?
https://www.famplan.org.hk/zh/health-inf...-fertility

地中海貧血 (Thalassemia) 是一種遺傳疾病。病者在製造血紅蛋白的功能上出現病變,不能有效地製造紅血球,因而長期有溶血性貧血的現象。由於此病流行於地中海、中東及東南亞一帶地區,故被稱為「地中海貧血」。

地中海貧血的種類地中海貧血有多種類別,其中又根據臨床病情的嚴重程度,再分為重型和輕型。在本港,輕型地中海貧血症相當普遍,患者估計約佔香港人口的百分之八點五。

輕型地中海貧血不易察覺alpha 重型地中海貧血患者多會於胎兒或嬰兒期病發和夭折。beta重型的患者需接受長期輸血治療。

alpha 或 beta 輕型患者並沒有明顯病徵,日常生活一切正常,但在妊娠期間,可能會有貧血現象。不過最令人關注的,是患者體內的地中海貧血遺傳基因,會直接遺傳給下一代。

地中海貧血對下一代的影響一般來說,兩名輕型地中海貧血患者結合,便有機會誕下嚴重地中海貧血的胎兒,如下圖所示:
[Image: FamilyPlanning_FPAHK_Pregnancy_and_Ferti...ssemia.png]

即是說,他們所生的嬰兒,會有四分之一機會成為重型的地中海貧血患者;四分之二機會成為輕型的地中海貧血患者;和四分之一機會完全正常。
由此可見,地中海貧血對下一代的影響極大,絕對不容忽視。

血液化驗輕型地中海貧血沒有可見的病徵,但可透過血液化驗,得知道自己是否病患者。

因此在計劃生育前,每對夫婦都應接受血液化驗及身體檢查。倘若初步血液化驗懷疑有地中海貧血的可能,便應諮詢醫生的意見,確定自己屬那種類別,及胎兒患嚴重地中海貧血的機會率等。

孕婦如懷有嚴重貧血的胎兒,應如何處理?若夫婦皆患有輕型地中海貧血,孕婦便應在懷孕初期盡早接受產前診斷,以便盡早檢查出胎兒是否重型的地中海血患者。倘若証實胎兒是重型的地中海貧血患者,夫婦可選擇是否繼續妊娠。
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#2
遺傳重型地中海貧血症 90後女生終生輸血:是人生一部分
https://topick.hket.com/article/2333709/...8%E5%88%86

[Image: tung_thumb_20190424_ch_1024.jpg]
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#3
THALASSEMIA
https://www.famplan.org.hk/en/health-inf...-fertility

What is Thalassemia?
Thalassemia is a hereditary disease affecting the production of haemoglobin in the red blood cells, resulting in chronic haemolytic anaemia. The disease is common in the Mediterranean, Middle East and Southeast Asian regions.

Types of Thalassemia
There are several types of thalassemia. Depending on the clinical severity of the disease, it can be classified into thalassemia major, thalassemia intermedia and thalassemia minor etc. Thalassemia minor is common in Hong Kong, estimated to affect about 8.5% of the population.

Symptoms of Thalassemia
Most cases of alpha thalassemia major develop symptoms in the fetal or infant stage and die. Babies with beta thalassemia major require life long blood transfusions.

Patients with thalassemia minor do not have obvious symptoms and can lead a normal life. Some women may become anaemic during pregnancy. The point of greatest concern, however, is that the thalassemia gene can be transmitted to the next generation.

How would Thalassemia affect your offsprings?
Generally speaking, a couple with the same type of thalassemia minor have a chance of giving birth to a baby with thalassemia major:
[Image: FamilyPlanning_FPAHK_Pregnancy_and_Ferti...ssemia.png]

In other words, when both parents are carriers, the child has a one-in-four chance of having thalassemia major; a two-in-four chance of having thalassemia minor; and a one-in-four chance of being normal.

Therefore, thalassemia should not be overlooked because it can seriously affect the next generation.

Blood Test
Although thalassemia minor does not present with noticeable symptoms, it can be detected through blood tests.

Couples planning to have children should undergo pre-pregnancy blood tests and physical check-up. Preliminary screening test showed low red blood cell size, they should consult their doctor to determine their type of thalassemia and their chance of having a baby with severe thalassemia.

If a pregnant woman is suspected to be carrying an affected baby, what can be done?
A woman should undergo prenatal diagnosis as early as possible during pregnancy if the fetus is suspected to have thalassemia major. Prenatal diagnosis by chorionic villus sampling (CVS) or amniocentesis can detect the thalassemia gene in the fetus, and fetal blood sampling can be performed to study the globin chain synthesis. If the fetus is diagnosed as thalassemia major, the couples can decide whether or not to continue the pregnancy.
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#4
Thalassemia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thalassemia
[Image: 800px-Autorecessive.svg.png]

Can Thalassemia Patients Marry?
https://www.epainassist.com/blood-diseas...ents-marry
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#5
婚前檢查揭同患地中海貧血 印尼情侶忍痛分手
https://std.stheadline.com/realtime/arti...6%E6%89%8B

印尼一對情侶拍拖3年,在家長建議下進行婚前身體檢查,卻驚覺原來雙方都患有地中海貧血症。為了下一代著想,二人決定忍痛分手,日前還拍片作最後道別,令一眾網民為之心酸。

該名女子在影音社交平台TikTok上傳影片,指自己與男友拍拖3年,二人到談婚論嫁的地步,由於她早知自己患有地中海貧血症,於是雙雙決定在婚前進行身體檢查。結果竟發現原來男方也有地中海貧血症。

二人得知此結果後十分崩潰,因為婚後生育有可能遺傳至下一代,「地中海貧血無法治癒。如果它可以治癒,故事就不一樣了。這對兒童來說是一個很大的風險,在經過很長時間的討論後,我們決定分手。」

為了留下紀念,他們拍下影片記錄二人身為情侶的最後一天。當日他們盛裝出席婚宴,享受情侶最後的快樂時光,婚禮結束後又在酒店的沙發上聊天,二人最後互相擁抱,和平分開,相愛卻不能愛的場面令人傷感。

二人至今仍是好友,該影片在TikTok已吸引逾330萬人次觀看,不少網民都留言祝福他們,希望二人能早日找到終身伴侶。
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#6
貧血 (三藩市中信福音中心醫學講座) 粵語
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uH78-DIl0nc
[youtube]uH78-DIl0nc[/youtube]

貧血面面觀(三藩市中信福音中心醫學講座)粵語
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vmVXGoCD1Zs
[youtube]vmVXGoCD1Zs[/youtube]
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#7
地貧可遺傳 孕前宜檢測
https://orientaldaily.on.cc/content/news...00176_063/

本港大約每8人之中便有一人是地中海貧血基因攜帶者,他們一般沒有病徵及不需要接受治療,但可以靠驗血檢測出來。假如父母雙方均帶有同一類別之地貧基因,媽媽每次懷孕,誕下的嬰兒便有25%機會為重型地貧患者,需要終生定期接受輸血和藥物治療。香港家庭計劃指導會將與團體於下月11日合作舉辦免費懷孕前準備講座,教育公眾認識地中海貧血。

地中海貧血患者血液中紅血球的珠蛋白鏈製造減少,不能有效地製造紅血球。由於地貧屬於遺傳性的貧血病,計劃懷孕的夫婦應做好相關準備。是次講座由家計會與地中海貧血兒童基金合辦,邀請了香港兒童醫院兒童及青少年科副顧問醫生周天蕙,以及東區尤德夫人那打素醫院婦產科顧問醫生陳連偉擔任講者,旨在令大眾對地中海貧血的認識增加,明白在懷孕前接受地中海貧血檢查的重要。

家計會下月辦免費教育講座

是次講座於下月11日晚上6時30分至8時,在灣仔軒尼詩道130號修頓中心9樓家計會李福和夫人演講廳舉行,當晚6時15分開始入座,費用全免。現場名額40人,講座亦會於網上同步直播,參與網上直播人數則不限。查詢及報名可致電2919 7793,辦公時間為星期一至五上午9時至晚上8時 星期六上午9時至下午1時。
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